Immunology

A novel compound developed for the first time through Shaperon's proprietary artificial intelligence platform, AIDEN, is currently under development as a new drug candidate for the treatment of alopecia areata.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks hair follicles. The targeted hair follicles enter the catagen (regression) phase, halting normal hair growth and leading to hair loss in localized areas.

Hair follicles are considered immune-privileged sites, meaning they are typically protected from immune system attacks. However, due to a combination of factors—such as genetic predisposition, stress, and environmental influences—this immune privilege can be disrupted. Although the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood, the breakdown of immune privilege can lead to abnormal immune responses involving T cells and NK cells, which attack follicular autoantigens. This triggers inflammation, damages follicular structures, and results in hair loss.

Most existing treatments for alopecia areata are immunosuppressants that artificially suppress immune responses to promote hair regrowth. However, these treatments are associated with significant risks, including infection, thrombosis, and liver toxicity, making long-term use difficult. As such, there is an urgent need for safer and more effective therapies.

Furthermore, since the pathogenesis of alopecia areata is not yet fully elucidated, there are limited preclinical models available to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of drug candidates. This contributes to a relatively high failure rate in clinical trials for the condition.

To address these unmet medical needs and enhance the success rate of drug development, Shaperon is conducting preclinical research in collaboration with leading domestic and international institutions specializing in alopecia areata. Through innovative scientific approaches and global partnerships, we aim to deliver a novel solution that can redefine the treatment paradigm for alopecia areata.

Curr Res Immunol. 2021; 2: 7–11